Easy2Siksha.com
  -2024
  

( )
:    :100
:          ,        
          
-
1.             
             ?
2.(a)              
 ?
(b)             
   
-
3.               
 
4.             
       
Easy2Siksha.com
-
5.       ?         
        ?
6.     ?      ?  
       ?

7.              
8.               
Easy2Siksha.com
  -2024
  

( )
:    :100
:          ,        
          
-
1.             
             ?
:                , 
        ,    ,   ,
,               
 , ,              
                
        
          ,    
              
,                 
 
1.   ?
 ,            ,   
  ,            : 
            
Easy2Siksha.com
    :    ?
:   ,        ,    
               
              
      ?        
 ?       
:         ,     
            ,     
   
:          
              
 ,           ( 
 )  ,            (  
 )
2.   ?
  ,     ,           
       ?         
       ?
    :   ?
:           
        ,     
      -  (  )   
   -  (   ) ?
:       10   2   
      ( -)     
 (-)      
:         ,   
         ,    ;
    
3.    ?
    ,          :   ? 
   ,         ?       
        ?
    :     ?
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:               
    ,           
  ,       
:   100     ,    50    -
   ,             
      ?
:       -   
 :
o  :          ; 
      
o / :      
  ,            
  
o  :        
  
4.   
   ,           
       ,    
:            
            ,    
                ,
             
  :   200     
     ,          
      ,           
:          ()   
           
       
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        
5.         ?
,      ,    ,     
  :
1.    :          
      
2. :             - ,
          
3.   : ,      
       
4.  :     , ,    
            
5.  :          
 ,    ,        
6.  :           ,  
              
7. 
 :             
     ,       

        :       
       ,        
        :
1.   ?
2.   ?
3.    ?
   ,    ,    ,  
               ,  
              
   :        ,    
                 
   
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      :
:     
 
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
  
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  ,  ,    
              
      
2.(a)              
 ?
(b)             
   
:()   :      
  
     -             , 
   ,   -           ₹40  
  ,    ₹50    ,  -   
,  ₹45     
  ?    ""          
           
:    
               
        
      ,       ,   
  ;    ,    
   (        )   
(         )    
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:
        

:    
                -
         
      ,         
    ;         
        ,    
    
:
         
  
  :      
,      
 ,           
  ,           
    ,          
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      ()    ()  
    ,     
     ,     ₹50     , 
   ,             ₹40  
,    ,      , ₹45 ,      
              
       
1.     :       
2.              
3.           
4.  :   (, )    ( ,  ) 
   
 ,          -     ,  ,  
         
()        
  
,                
   ₹100               
     ?        ;  
                
     
                
 
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    
1.   ()
              
    
: 2  + 1  = 1  + 2  (    )
:
o     (      ,     
 )
o     (    )
o   =  
:
2.   ()
               
    
: PxX + PyY = M
o Px =  X  
o Py =  Y  
o  = 
:
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 :  IC  BL    
      :
1.        
2.   , IC (MRSxy)   = BL (Px/Py)  
:
 E ,            
      (IC1  IC2 )   
    IC3       
    
1. xy = /
o     ( X       Y  
    )    
2.   
o         ,      

  
      10   ,    20   ,  
 100 
 : 10X + 20Y = 100.
 : (10 , 0 ), (5 , 2 ), 
 -   ,           
      ,     
    ?
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 ""   ,        
  
        ,     
             
   
               
            
              
             
 ,              -   ,
      ,          


 () ,                
     ,        ,       
  () ,            
               

,                , 
     -   ,   ,    -   
-
3.              
 
:       
        -        
    , ,          
  ,               
   : "         ,     
 ?"
                
          , ,     
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    ,    ,         
     ,         
              
   
  ,             
,                 
  ,       :
:
Q =  (  )
L =  (,   )
K =   (   , , )
R =   (, , )
f =         
      :  -        ,  
               
        -         
    
,               
       ,     ,       
         ?        , 
  ?        ,        
        
      ,         
   :
1.     ()
2.     ()
3.     ()
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 -     
1.     ()
                100
               (    
)        200   250    ?
        ,         
     ,          
   ?
            -  
 ,    ,    -      
             
    
  :            
   
 :
        :
(2,2 )>2(, )
   :
               
2.     ()
Easy2Siksha.com
-       ,          
    ,        - 500 1000   
   
, ,                , 
     
   ?
   
          
      ,         
 :
   :
          
3.     ()
 ,      100   50     
                
     10,000  20,000    18,000    
    
, ,        
   ?
             
Easy2Siksha.com
         
           
 
 :
   :
    ,            
       
1.        ,     
2.       ,           
       
3.        ,         
     
4.            ,  
       
       :   
         ,          
  ,   ,    ,     
         ,     - 
      
Easy2Siksha.com
-       ,         
           ,    
         
,       ,         
           ,    , 
       -    
  ,   -         
          ,      
    

                ,   
                 
          :
   :        
   :       
   :          
   ,          
  ,           ,    
             
4.             
       
:         
  
          ,        , 
  ,           
                  ,
    ,          
    
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              ,    
,                 
  
      -         
 -      
  
 ,      (     )     
         
1.   ()
         
:    ,    ,    
: X- ( )     
2.   ()
    
: , , ,     
   -   (   ),      (  
)
:       -  
3.  ()
 =  + .
  ,  ...          ...

4.    ()
 =  / .
-   ,      (   )
:   .
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5.    (AVC)
 =  / .
            ,  
      
: -.
6.   (  )
 =  / =  + .
  U-  ,  AVC   
   AC  AVC         ( AFC 
  )
7.   ()
 = Δ / Δ.
       
: -,          
    
MC, AVC  AC          ,      
    
   ,            

         :    
,    
  
 ,            
          
1.   ()
                
 
      
2.    ()
 =  / .
             ()
           
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: -,      
- ?
  -   , ,    
     
   :      
      ,       
   
3.    ()
 = Δ / Δ.
     LRAC       
LRAC  SRAC  
 SRAC        
LRAC  SRACs    ,          
        
1.  
o LRAC  SRACs  
o   ,    (SRAC1)  
o   ,   (SRAC2)   
o   ,   (SRAC3)   
2. FLEXIBILITY
o  ,         , 
   
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o  ,         ,  
    
3.  
o       SRAC    U-  
o    ,       
  
4.   
o     , MC  AC       
  
o      :       ,  
    ;    ,        
  
       :
 ,          ,    
        ,     ,    
   ,          SRAC 
 ,               
          LRAC
   ,           
          ,     
  LRAC    


                
    
 ,          
 ,   TFC, TVC, TC, AFC, AVC, AC,  MC   
 ,     ,      
    ,   LRAC  LRMC  
     LRAC, SRACs   ,       
    
  :            ,  
                 
    ,        
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-
5.       ?         
        ?
: :   - 
  
                 
 ,             ,  
         ,        ₹1   
   ,               
  ,                  
 
                   
        "  "  ,     

    
      ""         
       ,            
         :
1.       
                
 
              ,   
         
2.  
       -   ,   
  ,    ,   
      ,           

3.      
               
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          
       ,       (
    )
4.  
              
         ,         

5.    
   ( , ,  )          
 
           
6.    
       ,          
7.     
            ,     
     
8.    
 ,        ,    
  
          
        
      ,           

1.   ( )
                   
  
  :         
 :     -      
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           
 ( ):
=   (  
 ).
=    (  
 ).
=     =  
E    =   .
E   =  .
2.   (  )
                     ,  
                 
           ( )
             ,  
     
 ( ):
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 ( )=  ( ) =   ( )
  MC ( )  U-  
     MC = MR 
 - 
    
 ,     :
1.  :   > AC.
2.  :   = .
3. :   < AC (   AVC       )
 ( ):
 AC        
    
 ,                
      ,        
   
     ,            
  
 ,       P = MC = AC  ,     
 
 ( ):
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,  AC        ,     
  :   
:           
:              MC =
MR.
  
       :
 (   )  45      ,  
    
  ()         ₹50    ,
      ₹40 ,       
  ₹45   ,            
        ₹45   ,   
     ,        

         ,         
        
  -       ,  ,   ,
       -        
        :        
   ,             
 MC = MR  
 ,       ,   ,   
 
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,                 
  ,    -          
6.     ?      ?  
       ?
:                   
                   
    ,              
          ,        
               
  ?
 ,                
 ,                
 ,  ,    -        ""
   ""         ""     -
     "  "
   
         ,       
:
1.   :
     ,           
               
2.  :
              
  ,             
3.  :
   ,          , 
               ,
      
4.  :
              
,  ,          , 
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   ,           
 
5.   :
           
      ,         
,     
6.  :
         ,    
              ,    
  
7.   :
    ,           
              

    
    :    ?          ?
      :
1.   :
 -            , 
              
2.   :
          ,      
      ,        
    ,        
3.    :
            
              
4.   :
                 
                

5.  :
                 
               
6.  :
-,               ,
            ,  
   
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7.  :
               
       ,       
    
              ,     
              
,        
    
  ()   ()    
 1:   
1.  ():
TR =  ×      10  ₹50    ,  TR = 10 × 50
= ₹500.
2.   ():
MR          , MR 
         ,     
    
 2:   
1.  ():
 ,  , ,    
2.   ():
..       
 3:   
      :
= = =
 MR > MC →   (  )
 MR < MC →   (  )
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 MR = MC   ,           , 
    ,            
  
 4: -  
          :
  :
  
    (D)           

        
MR  MC   -  (Q*) 
(P*) Q*       
  ,        
    
1.  :
 TR > TC,           
    
2.  :
 TR = TC,              
  ,      
3. :
 TR < TC ,       ,    
     ,       ,        

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      
             :
 ()  ()    
     ,           

 ()          
     ,   ,       
        :  =    +    + 
  +   

               
    ,  ,    ,      -
     ,   ,  ,  
, ,           
  ,         MR = MC  ,  
            
        ,        
   ,                
    
 
7.              
:         ,   -    
         , ,    
  -       :      
        ,       ?
            
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  
 ,               
                 
  ,              
 , ,  
  :
                
, ""      ;           
               ,   
    
 :   
,      19           
  ,  ,           
 :             ,   
   ?
    ,         ,
                  
            
     
    ,         
 :
1.     
       :
 : ,   100     
 : , 80   
 : , 60   
      ,            
  
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                ,
            
2.        
    ,        
  C,     ,            
        ,          
         
  B,   C        (20  )   B 

 A        ( C  40   )
 A   
 , ,            
3.      
        :
1.    :       
2.    :      
3.    :,           
 
4.     :           -
    
5.      :         (  
 )      
4.      
    :
       C        
        A  B      
        
  :
 =     -    
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:

 ( )
   
 ( )
100
60
40

80
60
20

60
60
0
                

5.      
            ,  
     (  )      
               
        :           
    ,         
    
           :
X-:  (   )
Y-: 
           = 
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              C     ,
  B     ,    A      
6.      
           -    :
1.     :          
,       ,     
2.  :            
3.    : ,      
     
4.      :          
    
7.    
               :
1.    :          

2.      : ,            
3.     :          
  
4.        :         , 
     
    ,        ,   
          
8.    
       :
   ( )          
     
      ,         
 
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               ,     
 

  :
             
       
            
               ,
    
 ,          ,     
              
         ,       
    
8.               
:        
  
               
     ,           
          ,      ,
       ,        
      
,    :   ( )    ?     
          :      
      
   
,             
   
 
          
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      ()       ()    
  
 ,            
          -       
  
-    ,      ,      

 ,       
   
  
      
    ,          ( 
  )
 ,        
  

           
 ( ):
 E ,     =       
   
1.     
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2.       ()
3.        
4.       
   
         
        ,  
         ,         
     -     
     
 ,             
    
 
     
                 
    
     :
1.  (I):          
2.  ():            
3.  ():             
 ,      = I + H + DS.
    
      :
1.  ():     
2.  ():         
3.  ():        
4.   ():           
 ,       = S + DH + DI + BC.

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              =   
  
 (   ):
 E ,  =     
     ?
   (, )    ( , )  
      ,     ,     
 
                
 
         

 
   
 
  ( 
   )
 +   (,
,   )
  
  
   ,  
 
    
 
  (   
  )
 +  +   
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  
 
 +  +  + 
  
 (  )
  ( , ,
)

 ,   
 
     , 
      

,  
,  

  = 
      = 
    
  
       :
  ,               
              
     ,       
   ,   :
o       
o       ()
o           ()
o       ( )      
 ,       

   ,               
        ,   ,     
                 
 ,        
  :
 =      
   = , , , ,   
   -      
              
        
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"              
     ,     "